Back-to-School Tax Scam

Its back to school this week for many kids across the country. As great as summer vacation can be, many parents look forward to getting back into a regular routine come mid August. If you don’t have children, then you probably have no idea what kind of costs are associated with this annual tradition. Many parents like to update their kids’ wardrobes before school starts, and this is often the biggest expense. But there are a whole host of other expenses like school supplies, PE clothes, yearbooks**, school pictures, and sports equipment. But it has been four months since anyone had to think about their taxes, so at least that is not a concern. Not until you get a call from the scammer posing as an IRS agent demanding that you pay a bogus school tax. I wish I were making this up. Today the IRS warned taxpayers about this new twist on an old theme. Tax scam artists tend to prey on categories of people who may be more vulnerable, and I guess one of those categories is the taxpaying parent who will do anything to avoid jeopardizing their child’s education.

People, I have said this 1,000 times, but I’ll say it once more: the IRS does not call you out of the blue and demand that you make a payment over the phone. They do not call you out of the blue and threaten to send you to prison. And when I say “out of the blue,” I mean if you haven’t received any notices or letters from the IRS about tax problems (like taxes owed or missing returns), then chances are you don’t have any tax issues that would land you in prison. It really is that simple.

While it seems ridiculous to me that anyone would fall for this scam and think they actually have to pay a “Federal Student Tax,” there is at least one scenario in which I can imagine this scam being successful. Many 17/18-year-old kids go off to college and they’re on their own for the first time in their lives. If you can remember what it’s like to be this age, they tend to be fairly naïve about certain financial matters (like taxes). This financial innocence mixed with the new-found confidence (recklessness for some) of adulthood is a recipe for disaster. I could definitely see the back-to-school scammer finding success with this demographic. Be careful out there college kids!

** I know yearbooks don’t get printed until the end of the school year, but at my kids’ school they suggest reserving your copy before school even starts because they print only a limited number of them and once they’re gone, they’re gone, so of course we have to get one.

IRS Warns of Spoof Emails from CEO Posers

IRS Warns of Spoof Emails from CEO Posers

As an employee, when the CEO or other executive asks you to jump, the typical response is “how high?” So if you were to get an email from the CEO asking for a list of employee data, you probably wouldn’t question it. You’d probably send the info as soon as possible and without too much thought.

Cybercriminals who understand the position of power that company executives possess are using these relationships to obtain sensitive employee data. The practice is called “spoofing” because the thieves pose as the CEO or other high level executive, using the real executive’s name in an email to those within the company who have access to W-2s and social security numbers (typically those within payroll or human resource departments). Then these criminals obviously use the data to file false refund returns or sell the data to 3rd parties.

The IRS made a statement yesterday alerting the public of this new kind of phishing scheme:

If your CEO appears to be emailing you for a list of company employees, check it out before you respond. Everyone has a responsibility to remain diligent about confirming the identity of people requesting personal information about employees.

~ IRS Commissioner, John Koskinen

I guess the question some payroll people will have is “what should I do to check it out“? Every company and every office is different. Your response may depend on the formality of your office and the relationship you have with the executive who requested the info. In some circumstances it may not be appropriate to knock on the CEO’s door asking if he/she emailed you. It might be a little awkward emailing back asking the CEO what he plans on doing with the info, or asking if he can authenticate by giving you the name of his favorite childhood pet or his mother’s maiden name.

I suspect that in most cases the email address of the sender will be a dead giveaway. If you don’t recognize the email address, then you can ask the follow up questions or pay the CEO a visit. Having said that, I don’t know for sure that these cybercriminals cannot send emails that appear to be sent from a company email system, in which case it might be wise to ask about the childhood pet anyways. Better safe than sorry, even if the price is a little embarrassment.

IRS Impersonation Scams More Prevelant Than Ever

TIGTA big shot, Timothy Camus, recently testified before the US Senate Finance Committee on the topic of “Tax Schemes and Scams.”  By TIGTA, I of course mean the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration.  And by “big shot,” I of course mean that he is the Deputy Inspector General for Investigations, and he wears a nice looking mustache, and he tells tax criminals that their day will come.

According to his testimony, IRS phone impersonation scams have quickly become one of TIGTA’s top concerns.  The agency had received only scattered reports of phone scams prior to the summer of 2013.  TIGTA started to track this crime in October 2013, and ever since then has kept statistics and concentrated efforts on eradicating this terrible, frustrating crime.

The way it works is the scammers call and threaten you with criminal penalties if you don’t pay a certain sum to address a tax problem that usually doesn’t even exist.  The victim is asked to load money onto a prepaid debit card and then call back with the card number.  These criminals used to target primarily the elderly or recent immigrants; the most vulnerable people who do not have sufficient command of the English language and/or those who do not have an understanding of the US tax system.  But Camus says that they have not been discriminating much lately.  He describes having received a call himself, at home, the weekend before his speech, and he told the guy, “your day will come.”  I have received phone scam calls too, most recently a very generic sounding recording using robo-call technology.

Here are some of the key phone scam statistics from Camus’ Senate testimony:

  • TIGTA has received over 366,000 complaints of phone scam calls (9,000 – 12,000 per week)
  • 3,052 victims paid out about $15.5 million
  • one poor fool paid over $500,000
  • 296 of these victims gave more than just money (i.e., social security number or other sensitive identifying information)

Camus says that this scam is the subject of an “ongoing multi-agency investigation.”  Let’s hope they figure out how to catch these guys because the IRS public service messages about how to avoid phone scams aren’t working as effectively as they should.

IRS Phone Scam Complaints top 90,000

The IRS has long warned taxpayers to be on the look-out for deceptive phone calls from criminals posing as IRS agents.  These scams were once thought to target the elderly, those within specific socioeconomic groups, or those who recently immigrated to the United States.  However, based on the anecdotal evidence I have gathered over the past several years, I don’t think these criminals go through the trouble of targeting specific groups.  Perhaps they did at one time, but now they appear to be just “shooting from the hip” hoping to deceive even a small fraction of the taxpayers that they contact each day.

I have seen how prevalent these phone scams have been in Sacramento, and now with our new office location, I can see that the scams are no less of an issue in the Central Valley towns of Modesto, Ceres, and Turlock.  I was recently privileged to hear a recording of one of these calls and, I must say, the caller’s voice was very confident and convincing.  Of course, the content of what he was saying was laughable, but the tone of the call was professional and authoritative.  I say that about the content because I know what the IRS will and will not say in a phone message.  First of all, the IRS is reluctant to provide details of anyone’s confidential tax account in a voice mail message unless you have previously given them permission to do so.  Second, the IRS does not, in their first contact with a taxpayer, jump right into statements about criminal liability, subpoenas, and arrest warrants.  And the IRS never asks for payments to be made immediately over the phone.  Furthermore, if you do have a tax problem of some kind, such as owing back taxes or missing tax returns, the first contact from the IRS will be by way of a letter, not a phone call.

My anecdotal evidence seems to confirm what the IRS is reporting about phone scams: 90,000 complaints and growing. The best way to report one of these phone calls is to complete an online scam reporting form which is accessible from TIGTA’s website.

Tax Day 2014

It’s April 15th — tax filing deadline day!  From where I sit, there are only a couple more hours left to file your federal income tax return.  Today I should be writing about (and you should be reading about) procrastination, how to file an extension, what to do if you owe taxes and can’t pay, or various IRS statistics like how many returns have been filed, how many refunds have been issued, how much the IRS has paid out in refunds, etc.  Before the age of electronic filing, we used to see the obligatory TV news story about which post offices were open late and which ones had the longest lines.  But gone are the days of such innocent tax day topics.  Today I’m mostly seeing warnings about those pervasive telephone tax scams.

For as long as I can remember, the IRS has warned taxpayers of phony IRS calls, but it seems like it used to be an annual warning that came out in the “Tax Tips” series.  And it always seemed more like a theoretical problem with some anecdotal evidence here and there.  Today, however, these phone scams have become commonplace.  It doesn’t seem to matter where you live either; I’ve seen reports of phone scams all across the country.  And I’ve handled my share of calls from local taxpayers who have been scared out of their minds by phony IRS calls.  In Sacramento, some victims are being told that they are going to be arrested for tax fraud.  These scam artists are apparently very convincing.  Sometimes people who don’t even owe (and know that they don’t owe) are tricked into believing that they are in trouble with the IRS.

The IRS is very clear about what type of contact they initiate with taxpayers, and if you become familiar with the standard IRS warnings, you’ll never be fooled by a tax scam.

The Unlikely IRS Phone Scam Victim

Have you heard about those IRS phone scams?  No, it’s not what you’re thinking; not scams sponsored by the IRS.  They are scams perpetrated by individuals posing as IRS personnel, and they have been more prevalent than ever in the past couple years.  If you haven’t heard of them then maybe the IRS isn’t being aggressive enough with its public announcements and warnings.  If you do know about these schemes then maybe you have pondered the questions “Who are these people that pay thousands of dollars to phony IRS agents?  Can’t they tell it’s a scam?  How can someone be so gullible?”

I have definitely had these kinds of thoughts, that is until reading the story of Halah Touryalai, staff writer for Forbes.  She was recently contacted by one of these scam artists and almost fell for it.  This is an expert on finance and investing; somebody who should probably know better.  And even though she stopped short of doling out the $5,000 that they were demanding of her, they definitely had her going.  This is somebody who has always paid her taxes and never had a reason to doubt herself.  It only goes to show that if these scam artists call with enough urgency and authority in their voices, they can successfully dupe just about anybody.

Touryalai was told a whole host of lies on the phone that day:

  • The IRS had launched an investigation against her
  • She had attempted to defraud the government by not reporting all her income
  • The IRS was going to get a warrant for her arrest
  • The IRS was going to seize her property
  • The IRS had already issued a bank levy to collect the tax debt
  • The IRS had suspended her driver’s license and passport
  • Her social security number had been “blacklisted”
  • Somebody was waiting at her office to arrest her when she arrived
  • She could avoid further action if she paid $4,900 within the next hour

Be careful out there!  As long as you know how the real IRS operates, you’ll be fine.  The IRS will never demand that you make payments over the phone.  They will rarely contact taxpayers by phone without first sending notices by mail (and certainly not for a measly $4,900!).

2014 Dirty Dozen Revealed

Every year around the beginning of tax season, the IRS comes up with its “Dirty Dozen” tax scams list.  In recent years the top three have been (1) Identity Theft; (2) Phishing; and (3) Return Preparer Fraud.  The 2014 list includes Identity Theft and Phishing in the top three again, this time along with “Pervasive Telephone Scams.”  Phone scams often take advantage of recent immigrants, the elderly, or uneducated.  It is easy to avoid a phone scam if you know what to look for and if you maintain a certain degree of skepticism when receiving an unsolicited phone call.  However, as easy as it is in theory, these phone scams must be at least somewhat successful or they wouldn’t be described as “pervasive,” and they wouldn’t have made it to the top of the Dirty Dozen this year.

Here is the Commissioner’s official generic statement:

Taxpayers should be on the lookout for tax scams using the IRS name. These schemes jump every year at tax time. Scams can be sophisticated and take many different forms. We urge people to protect themselves and use caution when viewing e-mails, receiving telephone calls or getting advice on tax issues.

The reason that the IRS releases the Dirty Dozen list in February is that they have noticed a spike in tax scams around this time of year.  However, just as the IRS can (and will) collect on delinquent tax accounts by issuing a wage garnishment or bank levy throughout the year, tax thieves and scam artists pretty much work around the clock.

IRS Tax Scam Tips

Every tax season the IRS warns taxpayers of tax-time scams and how to avoid them.  The IRS says that “tax scams proliferate during the income tax filing season.”  This year the filing season begins January 31st.  I hope taxpayers take this to heart, but I also hope that they remain vigilant throughout the entire year.

People often ask me if business picks up during tax time, and I usually explain that the IRS’ collection machine runs 24/7 and 365 days per year.  The IRS Collections Department doesn’t really have a “season” so to speak; they work year-round.  We do tend to get more phone calls during the first few months of the year, but this is due to the fact that the tax season is when people tend to think more about their tax issues.  The thought of having to file income taxes again naturally leads to the next thought of having to do something about the prior tax years and tax debts already on the books.

I suppose that a similar phenomenon occurs with tax scammers.  They definitely do their dirty work around the clock and any time of the year.  But they know that they will have more success during the income tax filing season.  Poor, unsuspecting taxpayers are just more likely to pick up the phone, divulge confidential information, and open spammy emails during this time of year.

The common-sense advice that the IRS gives each year can be summarized as follows: Don’t give out your personal information such as passwords, PINs, credit card or bank info via emails or over the phone.  This is not how the IRS operates, and if you do get a phone or email request for such information, it is probably a scam.

"This is George Miller with the IRS…"

It sure was nice of the IRS to warn taxpayers of a “pervasive telephone scam” last week.  The scam artists apparently target recent immigrants, threaten jail time, and run credit card payments over the phone.  The IRS described a number of things to look out for, presumably so we all can  independently determine if the call we received is from a scammer or from an actual IRS representative.  The only problem is sometimes the thieves and the IRS agents share some of the same characteristics.  Let me show you what I mean.

  • Scammers use phony names and IRS badge numbers: Great, but how would we know if the name or badge number is fake?!  The IRS says that they often use common names.  But I know there are plenty of real IRS reps who have common names.  Plus, recent immigrants may not be fully aware what is or is not a common American name.  It might have been helpful if the IRS had given a sample ID number so that taxpayers could at least know if it was the correct number of digits.  Many of the representatives I speak with use 7-digit ID numbers (assuming I have been talking with the IRS for the past 8 years and not phone scammers).
  • Scammers may be able to recite the last 4 digits of the victim’s SSN: So can a real IRS rep.
  • Scammers spoof the IRS toll-free phone number on caller ID: When I have received calls from revenue officers, offer in compromise examiners, and appeals agents, it usually shows “Unknown” on caller ID, so this is good to know.
  • Scammers sometimes follow up the call with a bogus email: Real IRS agents never send emails, so this is actually a dead giveaway.
  • Scammers produce phony call center background noise: I have often heard phones ringing and low chatter that is characteristic of a call center when talking with the IRS, so I’m not sure how helpful this tip is.

I think this IRS warning is useful, but only by becoming familiar with the entire list of characteristics.  If you receive a call fitting one of the above descriptions, there may not be cause for concern (unless you are asked to provide credit card info).  But if you receive a call with many of the above characteristics, it is probably a phony IRS call and a scam.

Some IRS News & Some FTB News

Internal Revenue Service

The IRS expects the 2014 tax season to be delayed by one to two weeks.  That would mean the new tax season would begin somewhere between January 28th and February 4th.  The reason for the delay?  None other than the historic Fall 2013 government shutdown.

The IRS normally begins tuning and tweaking their complicated tax return processing systems in the fall, even before the start of the 4th quarter.  This year’s system testing period was delayed when the IRS closed its doors during the first half of October.  You should also be aware that the February 4th start date is only an estimate.  The IRS will re-evaluate and confirm the 2014 Tax Season start date in December.

California Franchise Tax Board

We often hear about federal tax scams, but the FTB recently sent out a warning to California residents to keep their eyes and ears open for phishing schemes and identity theft.  There is apparently a scheme which targets elderly taxpayers in Beverly Hills.  The caller, posing as a FTB employee, tells the victim that they were ticketed for a red light violation and their case has been forwarded to the FTB for collection purposes.  As ridiculous as this may sound, the IRS has been given so many additional responsibilities over the years that it’s hard to say what they may have a hand in.  So, why not the FTB too?

The moral of the story is the same as it always is for the IRS: they won’t contact you by email, and they will rarely call you without sending a series of notices first.  You need to be suspicious if either of these things happen to you.