Court Shoots Down IRS Return Preparer Certification Program

If you follow current events in the world of tax relief and tax preparation, you probably heard about the federal district court decision permanently enjoining the IRS from enforcing its 2011 tax return preparer regulations.  The U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia ruled that the IRS lacked authority to regulate tax return preparer certification programs — 
such authority would have to be granted by Congress.

The IRS Return Preparer Initiative would have required thousands of non-professional return preparers across the country to pass minimum competency exams, pay a fee, and complete minimum education requirements.  In fact, many return preparers did take the exam and pay the fee, all for naught apparently.  The initiative did not seek to regulate the CPA, tax attorney, or enrolled agent.

Large tax prep companies like Intuit (TurboTax), Jackson Hewitt, and H&R Block disapprove of the decision; you can probably guess why.  They will tell you that it hurts taxpayers who unwarily hire incompetent return preparers, but we know their only concern is the bottom line and weeding out as much competition as possible.  Of course, the “mom & pop” tax prep firms see this court decision as a big victory.

Some believe that voluntary certification is a better solution.  Voluntary certification would still raise the bar for tax preparers and the industry in general, but in a more “free market” sort of way.  Tax preparers would decide on their own to certify, or not to certify.  And individuals seeking tax help would decide on their own to hire a certified preparer, or take their chances with someone else.

At this point it is not clear whether the IRS will appeal the decision.  Read the IRS official statement here.

Tax Protestors: Keep your Distance

Tax protestors typically turn to a handful of “canned” arguments regarding the government’s lack of authority to levee taxes.  These arguments are typically not very successful.  When tax protestors refuse to pay taxes based on these flawed legal positions, they are typically hit with a barrage of penalties and interest on top of their tax debt, and some even do prison time.  But tax protestors who are also former IRS agents? — not very typical.

That’s what makes the story of Sherry Peel Jackson so interesting.  She worked for seven years as an IRS revenue agent, then she went into private practice as a CPA, then she spent four years in prison for failure to file tax returns, and now she tours around promoting the books she wrote in prison about the illegalities of income taxes.

Don’t believe anyone who tells you that taxes are illegal.  You will want to avoid these people like the plague.  The tax protestor groups are a sham and can cause you some serious tax problems.

IRS Inflation Adjustments

This blog post lists some of the Annual Inflation Adjustments published by the IRS today that are interesting not only  to CPAs and tax attorneys. It may be helpful to understand that the 2012 “tax year” was last year (for taxes filed in 2013). But the 2012 tax season is right now (well, actually between January 30th and April 15th 2013). So, we will not be required to file for tax year 2013 until the 2014 tax season. The terminology gets a little confusing.

Adjustments for Tax Year 2012:

  • standard deduction increased to $6,100 (was $5,950)
  • personal exemption increased to $3,900 (was $3,800)
  • maximum Earned Income Credit amount increased to $6,044 (was $5,891)

Adjustments for Tax Year 2013:

  • new tax rate of 39.6 percent added for individuals whose income exceeds $400,000
  • personal exemption subject to a phase-out that begins with adjusted gross incomes of $150,000
  • the Alternative Minimum Tax exemption amount for tax year 2013 is $51,900 (was $50,600)

Make note of these changes because lawmakers may one day be purging the tax code of all deductions, exemptions, credits, and anything else that resembles tax relief.

Fiscal Cliff Highlights

Payroll taxes increased for wage earners

There’s no tax relief for anybody in the fiscal cliff tax deal. For wage earners, your Social Security (FICA) tax withholdings will be deducted at 6.2 percent for the first $113,700 of earnings. This is a 2 percent increase from the 4.2 percent deduction that has been the withholding rate for the past two years. Unlike some of the other changes that won’t be felt until the 2013 tax season, this change will have an immediate impact on your next paycheck.

Income taxes increased only for the wealthy

Income tax rates will remain the same for individuals with annual income of less than $400,000, or $450,000 for those filing married joint returns. The income tax rate for those wealthy taxpayers will increase from 35 percent to 39.6 percent.

Investment taxes increased only for the wealthy

Capital gains and dividend tax rates will remain the same for those individuals earning less than $400,000, or $450,000 for married joint filers. The capital gains and dividend tax rates for the wealthy will increase from 15 percent to 20 percent.

Income tax deductions and exemptions limited for the wealthy

Individuals with annual income of at least $250,000, and those married filing jointly earning at least $300,000, will be limited on the personal exemptions and itemized deductions they can claim. Taxpayers with incomes above $422,500 will not qualify for a personal exemption. This is a throw-back to the limits on deductions and credits for the wealthy that were in force prior to the Bush era tax cuts, and that were eliminated in 2010.

Important tax credits extended

Tax credits created by American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 are extended for five years. These include the Earned Income Tax Credit, Child Tax Credit, and the American Opportunity Tax Credit.

Debt Forgiveness Extended

Homeowners that weren’t able to complete their debt negotiations or procedures before December 31, 2012, were granted a reprieve. Forgiven mortgage debt will continue to not be treated as taxable income for an additional year.

Sin Taxes: An Opposing Viewpoint

image via money.ca.msn.com

I came across an article that expresses an interesting take on “sin taxes.”

Proponents of sin taxes (taxes on cigarettes, alcohol, soda, fatty foods, etc.) talk about public health benefits, but isn’t that still about money at the core?  What I mean is, sick people run up big hospital bills, some paid by taxpayers through government services and some paid by the public in the form of higher insurance costs.  If we can encourage people to avoid harmful foods and substances, then we can (according to sin tax proponents) reduce public health costs.  Right?

Not so fast, says David Callahan with Huffington Post.  If sin taxes are all about money, then the whole concept is flawed.  The analysis is simple: most people who abuse their bodies die more quickly.  They need medical care like anybody else, but presumably for a shorter fraction of their lives.  It’s the “healthy” people who incur higher medical costs in the long run as their bodies slowly break down during old age.

The analysis is simple, but it’s the conclusion that gets tricky.  Callahan is not suggesting that sin taxes are pointless because they can result in a healthier population, which can result in higher medical costs in the long term.  That’s just a little macabre — he’s not saying that.  He’s saying that the effects of sin taxes are inconclusive and need to be studied more, that’s all.  And until there is conclusive evidence that they are effective, we should probably stand in favor of tax relief.

State of California Holding $14 million in Tax Refunds

In these dismal economic times, so many hard-working citizens have tax debt up to their eyeballs and are desperately seeking tax relief.  It’s hard to believe there are taxpayers out there who let their refund go unclaimed or who don’t notice when it doesn’t come in the mail.  But every year state and federal taxing agencies publish data about the millions and millions of dollars in refund checks that bounce back to them due to a bad address.  Today the California FTB announced in a press release that it is holding over $14 million in refunds.

Granted, some of these refunds are so small that it is hardly worth a taxpayer’s time to call FTB and update his address.  But FTB stated that at the high end of the spectrum we’re talking about refunds in the $35,000 range.  I suppose some of these taxpayers are very wealthy and don’t need the money.  But I wonder how many of them have moved and don’t want the FTB to know their new address.  Or how many of these refunds are not claimed because the taxpayer knows they are the result of questionable tax strategies?

FTB reminds us that the best way to avoid the problem of a returned refund check is to sign up for direct deposit.

Tax Considerations for MLB Free Agents

photo via mlbreports.com

Major League Baseball (MLB) free agents should consider the tax consequences of playing for a team located in a high tax state.  Players always go into negotiations with their agent at their side; should they maybe have a tax attorney on their other side?  Tax relief — it’s one of many variables that can be considered when changing teams, but it’s typically fairly low on the list of considerations.  Of course the teams located in states that do not have income taxes are going to flaunt that little benefit as much as possible (i.e., Seattle Mariners).

Due to Obama’s tax increase on salaries above $200,000 and the expiring Bush tax cuts,  taxes will increase for all MLB players beginning January 1, 2013, regardless of the teams they play for.  Thus, many free agents are negotiating for front-loaded deals that pay out as much as possible before the end of the year.  See full article for more information.

IRSAC 2012 Report, Part II

image via networkeducator.com

Identity theft is another prevalent issue for the IRS and another topic that the IRSAC has attempted to address in its report.  But I don’t think their recommendation for curbing identity theft would be popular with most taxpayers who (mistakenly) see their April refund check as the ultimate form of tax relief:

The IRS should strongly consider delaying refunds until after verification of the taxpayer’s identity. For taxpayers that rely on an early refund in January, the IRS should consider a process under which 25 percent of the refund is issued prior to verification, and the remaining 75 percent issued after verification.

Everything the IRS has done up until now has been aimed at speeding up the refund process and shifting over to a “real-time” tax system.  See IRS Real Time Tax Initiative.  But with the onslaught of fraudulent refunds obtained by using stolen identities, the IRS may have to backpedal somewhat.  The thought of having to wait a little longer will be very frustrating to the average taxpayer.  I imagine it would be somewhat like having to go back to a dial-up internet connection after being accustomed to DSL.  Of course, from a tax attorney perspective, the solution is to adjust your withholdings so you don’t end up with a huge refund in the first place.

Colorado Can't Tax Pot Sales Without Voter Approval

image via dailycamera.com

On November 6th, Colorado voters approved a constitutional amendment (Amendment 64) legalizing recreational marijuana.  Over 54 percent of voters were in favor of the constitutional amendment, but it would be interesting to know how many of those people are “non-smokers.”  I would guess that a majority of those who voted in favor of legalization were more interested in the “fringe benefits” than they were in getting high with their friends.  For example, now the state’s law enforcement personnel will be able to spend more time on violent crimes rather than small-time drug possession.  Also, now the state will be able to collect an estimated $40 million per year from a 15% tax on marijuana sales.  Or will it?

The Taxpayer Bill of Rights in Colorado prohibits any kind of new tax burden without voter approval.  According to Colorado Attorney General John Suthers, the tax must first be approved by the state legislature and then the voting public.  Perhaps the best way to avoid this tax problem would have been to include precise tax language directly in the pot legalization bill, but for whatever reason, that didn’t happen.

Voters Have Spoken: They Like Their Pot and Soda

image via aolnews.com

Medical marijuana has been legal in California and other states for some time now, but Washington and Colorado are the first states to legalize recreational pot.  Do they realize the tax problems that they will face in the future?  The problems that medical marijuana dispensaries in California have faced time and time again are likely the same problems in store for Washington and Colorado, only on a larger scale.  At the root of the controversy is the fact that the federal government still classifies marijuana as a controlled substance and they will not always turn their head the other way just because the people have passed a state ballot measure.  One of the ways this emerges in the tax world is the “pot shops” are not allowed the same business expenses that other businesses would be allowed, so their tax bills are higher.  At least in California, the IRS has made it clear that there will be no tax relief for pot shops as long as the federal government still sees the drug as a controlled substance.

The Soda

Would a soda tax help reduce obesity?  We won’t know now — soda tax measures were shot down in the California cities of El Monte and Richmond.  Of course soda companies are filthy rich, and they spent an estimated $3.5 million to dissuade voters from passing tax increases on sugary beverages in these two towns.  As with any controversy, there are often attractive arguments to be made on both sides, and the groups with the most money and power are normally better able to get their message out.  At least that’s how the proponents of the soda tax see it.  The opposition (“Big Soda”) sees a soda tax as harmful to small businesses and not the right way to fight obesity.