Lawmakers Seek to Punish IRS and Reward TIGTA

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A House subcommittee led by Rep. Ander Crenshaw (R-Fla.) agreed on a spending measure that would cut the IRS’ budget by 24 percent in 2014.  And on the other side of the coin, the bill would mean a $5.5 million budget increase for TIGTA (Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration), the agency that has brought to light so many of the recent IRS missteps.

The bill is meant to “crack down,” “clean house,” and otherwise encourage the agency to be more careful and responsible in its administration of the tax laws.  It would also specifically address most of the problems we have read about in the news these last several months:

  • political targeting
  • training videos
  • lavish conferences
  • employee bonuses

Basically it would withhold funding until the IRS implements TIGTA recommendations.  TIGTA’s primary responsibility is to keep an eye on the activities and procedures at the Internal Revenue Service.  They are continually conducting audits, reporting on their results, and offering “recommendations” to the IRS when it is shown that they have fallen short.  Well, lawmakers are now hoping to make certain recommendations mandatory — mandatory in the sense that if they don’t make the changes then they won’t get full funding.

But the bill still has a long ways to go: first to the full Appropriations Committee, then to the House floor, then on to the Democrat-controlled Senate where it will face plenty of opposition.

Another IRS Mistake: Thousands of Social Security Numbers Exposed on Internet

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This time the IRS leaked thousands of social security numbers on its 527 “non-profit political groups” website.  The security lapse was brought to light by Public.Resource.org.

It is unclear how many SSNs were exposed and whether or not the SSNs were displayed alongside any other identifying information.  I think this would be an important detail.  I’m not sure what exactly is needed to perpetrate an identity theft or a financial crime using a SSN, but it seems to me that more would be needed than simply the SSN.  I would think that a criminal would need at least the name that goes with it too.

Furthermore, it looks like this information probably did not fall into the hands of any criminals.  The data remained up on the site for less than 24 hours, and during that time (if I understand the geek speak) there were only 8 total clicks on the page in question and no actual privacy complaints.

Still, as with all the other recent IRS blunders, what bothers most taxpayers is the fact that the mistake was made, not the end result or the damage that was done.  Think of how many visitors irs.gov gets each day.  Popularity-wise we don’t like it, but traffic-wise, it is one of the most visited websites in the country.  It just so happened that the SSNs were exposed in a little obscure corner of a massive, content-rich IRS website.  It is easy to see how this was a close call and could have been a much more serious mistake.  When it comes to our personal identifying information and our financial information, we don’t like close calls.  A close call just means that there could easily be a “next time” and next time we might not be so lucky.

Fixing the IRS: Where do we Start?

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It’s no secret that the IRS makes mistakes, sometimes serious mistakes.  It may have been secret before (at least for the average taxpaying citizen) regardless of the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration (TIGTA) reports that highlight the agency’s deficiencies.  But in recent months the IRS has been under intense media scrutiny, bringing these reports out into the open in mainstream media outlets.

The problems at the IRS are the result of:

  • ineffective training
  • weak leadership
  • poor judgment
  • inexperienced employees
  • an overly-complex tax code
  • simple human error
  • insufficient funding

This is by no means a comprehensive list.  And it’s easy to lump them all together and imagine one comprehensive solution.  There are some who think all the problems can be fixed by increasing funding to the IRS.  They see this as the root of all employee development, training, and managerial issues.  This is perhaps the primary argument of IRS sympathizers; however, I’m not so sure there is an all-in-one solution for cleaning up at the IRS.

To use a recent example, why don’t IRS Revenue Officers (RO) always follow legal guidelines when seizing taxpayer property to cover unpaid taxes?  This is probably the most serious collection action that the IRS can take.  And besides going to prison, this is what taxpayers fear more than anything.  So, why do they get it wrong sometimes?  We can probably rule out “complex tax code” because the procedures for seizure of property are clearly laid out in the Internal Revenue Manual (IRM) so an RO has only to follow the steps.  But any of the other listed reasons could realistically apply.

Although I think it is impossible to narrow it down to one root problem, it is clear that there is quite a bit of overlap.  For example, an inexperienced employee is more likely to make simple human errors and use poor judgment in his work.  And lack of/ineffective training is a symptom of poor leadership.  This overlap is a good thing when contemplating solutions because it means that addressing one issue will automatically improve another.  It also means that once we get started on the task of fixing the IRS, we’ll already be closer to our goal than we think.

The Taxpayers' Rights Advocate's Big Announcement

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You’ve probably heard of the National Taxpayer Advocate Service (TAS) — this is the quasi-independent agency charged with looking out for the rights of taxpayers across the nation.  They like to say that they’re “your voice at the IRS.”  The head of TAS is Nina Olson and she has made her way into this blog on several occasions.  And if you live in California, you may know that we have a state counterpart to TAS called the Taxpayers’ Rights Advocate’s Office, the top advocate being Steve Sims.

These advocate groups, on both the national and the state level, love to point out what they have done to fight for the average taxpayer in the name of tax relief.  So I wasn’t surprised to see a self-congratulatory statement from Sims in the July 2013 edition of the FTB Tax News newsletter.  And I wasn’t surprised that the statement had to do with increasing the lien filing threshold for Californians with state tax debts.  The IRS did this too some time back as a way to help those who struggle with heavy tax burdens in a down economy.

A tax lien is a collection tool used by both the IRS and FTB to protect their interest when taxes are owed.  When a notice of tax lien is filed, it puts other creditors on notice and acts as a smudge on that person’s credit.  Increasing the threshold for lien filings is a good thing for both taxpayers and the taxing entity; it has been shown that they are one of the least effective tax collection tools anyway.

So, what was surprising then?  Well, Steve Sims announced that FTB “increased the general guideline amount for filing a lien from $1,000 to $2,000 beginning in July 2013.”  What a miserable little success that was for him and his staff!  Hardly worth bragging about in my humble opinion.

IRS Funding: Seems Adequate to Me

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Some say the biggest problem at the IRS is that they are not allocated enough money to be able to administer the tax laws fairly and competently.  Even Nina Olson, the National Taxpayer Advocate, has bought into this theory:

Today, the IRS is an institution in crisis. In my view, however, the real crisis is not the one generating headlines. The real crisis facing the IRS — and therefore taxpayers — is a radically transformed mission coupled with inadequate funding to accomplish that mission. As a consequence of this crisis, the IRS gives limited consideration to taxpayer rights or fundamental tax administration principles as it struggles to get its job done.

~ Nina Olson, in her mid-year report to Congress

What’s ironic about this quote is it was released today along side juicy headlines about IRS employees using government credit cards to make some highly questionable purchases of alcohol, expensive meals, party supplies, and even porn.  Of course many of these purchases were made on cards that were reported stolen.  I’m sure that’s true because there is no way any IRS employee would abuse his card privileges.

I don’t know Nina, I usually agree with your opinions, but it seems to me that the crisis is fairly well summarized by the headlines.  Why downplay the high-profile mistakes that are so very telling of what’s going on at the IRS?  And how is it that the IRS’ mission has been “radically transformed”?  Regardless of any official mission statements, their mission has always been, and always will be, to collect as much revenue as possible without too much regard to fairness, tax relief, and taxpayer rights.

So if the “real crisis” is inadequate funding, then why should we turn a blind eye to outrageous spending abuse?  There is no way in this world we should increase funding to the IRS until they clean house.

How to Expedite Non-profit Status

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One study related to the IRS scandal showed that non-profit groups with legal representation were subjected to fewer probing questions and experienced fewer obstacles during the non-profit application process than groups without legal representation.  Interestingly, many groups that began the application process without an attorney noticed that their applications were quickly approved right after hiring an attorney.

This is probably not all that surprising to attorneys.  We, of all people, believe that our services are valuable.  One can typically expect a better result and smoother legal process by hiring a lawyer, although not everyone is convinced of this.

In this day and age it is easy to obtain information about any legal topic.  Many people feel that as long as they are well informed and educated about their specific legal predicament then they can handle the issue on their own.  In a down economy it is even more common for individuals to try resolving legal problems on their own, thinking they can save a buck.

The answer to the question, “Do I really need an attorney for this?” is almost always “no.”  But knowing the law is only half the battle, and an attorney can bring so much more to the table than just information:

  • ability to strategize
  • ability to organize information
  • ability to present information (verbally and in writing) in a logical fashion
  • superior persuasion skills
  • ability to apply the law to a specific set of facts
  • real life experience

It’s one thing to know rules in the abstract, but it’s quite another to have seen how the rules play out in practice.  This is particularly true in the world of Federal Tax Resolution where the IRS is inconsistent and unpredictable in the application of the rules.  It is the difference between book smarts and street smarts, and tax lawyers typically have both.

Yes, of course you need to do your own research.  And, yes, you need to be careful and thorough in the process of hiring an attorney.  But you should also be well aware of what you may be giving up by representing yourself in an important legal dispute.

Contacting the IRS: Third Party Contacts

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The IRS has the right to contact third parties in an attempt to collect your taxes, penalties, and/or missing tax returns.  A third party is someone other than yourself (besides your tax relief attorney or duly authorized representative) who may have information that would assist the IRS in their investigation.  But it is important to know that there are certain restrictions on this right so that we don’t allow the IRS to take advantage.

Notice Requirements

The IRS must first give you notice that they are going to be contacting third parties.  Notice typically comes in the form of a very simple letter (Letter 3164).  There are three versions of this letter:

  • 3164-A: for Trust Fund Recovery Penalty investigations
  • 3164-B: for balance due investigations
  • 3164-C: for delinquent return investigations

The IRS revenue officer must wait 10 days after mailing the letter before initiating any third party contact.  In cases where the taxpayer was provided with a Publication 1 Your Rights as a Taxpayer, which is a majority of cases, the 3164 letter is usually not required because the third party contact language is included in Pub 1.  There are also some blanket exceptions to the notice requirement, such as where there are pending criminal investigations, where a third party contact may jeopardize collection of the tax, and where the taxpayer authorizes third party contact.

Providing Third Party Lists

The IRS is required to provide the taxpayer with a list of all third party contacts periodically, and whenever requested by the taxpayer.  Revenue officers must carefully maintain a list of all third party contacts, which should be updated after each contact in order to keep it current.  As you can see, the language (“periodically”) is just vague enough to allow the IRS to only send the list a couple times a year unless the taxpayer requests to see it more frequently.

National Small Business Week 2013

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There are so many elements involved in operating a successful business, only some of which are controllable by the owner.  You need a good business plan, adequate capital investment, not to mention an excellent product or service.  You also need to figure out how you’re going to market that product or service.  Of course, it helps if you have a head for business; some people just seem to “get it.”  But even these measures do not ensure success because so much depends on timing and luck.

One element that people tend to overlook when they start a business is the tax consequences and requirements.  No luck involved here.  And, thankfully, you don’t really need to have a knack for numbers or a specialized knowledge of tax laws to make sure the tax aspects of your business are in order.  What you do need is a basic understanding of what tax requirements apply to your business and where to go for answers.

Some small business owners consult with a tax accountant or a tax attorney in the opening and operating of their business.  But if you’re not in a position to hire a tax professional, there are still excellent resources at the IRS, especially this week.

It is National Small Business Week 2013 and the IRS is offering two free webinars, one on June 18th and one on June 20th.  The June 18th webinar is entitled “Small Business Owners: Get All the Tax Benefits You Deserve” and the June 20th webinar will cover the topic of “common mistakes.”  If you don’t have a chance to register and watch live, the IRS will be archiving both webinars on the IRS Video Portal.

Interested in hearing President Obama’s self-congratulatory introduction to National Small Business Week?  In a minute and a half he lists everything his administration is doing to help small businesses succeed.  Me neither.  But here’s the link anyways:

http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2013/06/17/50-years-national-small-business-week

Miller and Lerner Received Credible Threats

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There are many reasons why you should never threaten an IRS worker besides the fact that it is just not nice.  You could be blacklisted by the IRS or placed on their Potentially Dangerous Taxpayer (PDT) list.  Or, if the threat is serious enough, you could be prosecuted for an “attempt” crime like the Alaskan, Lonnie Vernon, who was recently sentenced to over 25 years imprisonment for conspiracy to kill an IRS Revenue Officer.

The IRS is abundantly aware of the risk involved in collecting taxes, especially when enforced collection actions, such as bank levies and wage garnishments, are employed.  IRS personnel have protocol for handling potentially dangerous situations and there are procedures (many carried out by TIGTA) in place to help protect IRS employees who have to work in these conditions.  Most often, the IRS employees who are subject to threats and dangerous situations are the Revenue Officers who work on the front lines and have direct personal contact with taxpayers.  However, we are currently hearing about threats directed at high-level IRS officials based on their supposed responsibility for the shortcomings associated with the IRS scandal.

Both Steven Miller (former acting IRS Commissioner who was fired by President Obama on May 15th) and Lois Lerner (head of the IRS tax exempt unit who has placed the blame on folks in Cincinnati) have been intimidated by threats of physical violence according to their attorneys and others who are close to them.  This is not normal.  Even the person holding the top job at the IRS, the Commissioner, typically has required very little by way of security over the years.  Maybe this will have to change.

The IRS Agent with a Weakness for Shrimp

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photo via farm4.static.flickr.com

TIGTA (Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration) often includes in its semiannual report to Congress highlights of the past 6 months and high profile cases that the agency has resolved.  The most recent semiannual report tells of the bribery of an IRS Revenue Agent by the owner of a seafood company in Louisiana.

An unnamed IRS agent paid a visit to Vihn Q. Tran, the owner of St. Vincent Seafood Co. in Louisiana, back in August 2007 with the intent to schedule an in-person audit of his books.  At that first encounter Tran offered to take the agent to lunch and also dropped a hint that he was hoping for some special treatment when he told the agent, “I’ll take good care of you.”  The IRS agent declined these initial offers, but then in subsequent meetings accepted 75 pounds of jumbo shrimp and $6,000 cash.  In April 2011 Tran confessed to the crime.  In January 2012 he pled guilty to bribery of a public official, and he was sentenced to three-years’ probation this past March.

TIGTA’s report does not specify, but it appears to me that the IRS agent was culpable at least for violating the guidelines set forth in the Internal Revenue Manual (IRM).  According to IRM section 4.2.4.2.3, IRS employees are required to do the following when presented with a bribe:

  • Avoid any statement or implication that you will or will not accept the bribe.
  • Attempt to hold the matter in abeyance.
  • Report the matter immediately to the Inspector General Special Agent.
  • Avoid any unnecessary discussions of the matter with anyone.

Unless some key facts are being left out of this report, it does not appear that the agent complied with these rules.  By accepting the cash and the shrimp, the agent violated the first two rules, and although the agent must have reported the bribes at some point, it does not appear that he did so immediately.

As for Mr. Tran, I would guess that he has since gone out of business.  It looks like his tax problems were just one of a variety of issues he had been dealing with as a business owner.  The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) sent him a letter in 2002 pointing out some “serious deviations” from federal seafood regulations, one of which had to do with, not surprisingly, record-keeping.